← Tất cả bộ đề SAT có lời giải
Digital SAT · Verbal
Information and Ideas
Mức Nền tảng
18 câu
Có lời giải tiếng Việt
Bộ đề miễn phí gồm 18 câu Information and Ideas mức Nền tảng. Cả 18 câu đều
xem được đáp án; 4 câu đầu có thêm lời giải từng bước và phần phân tích bẫy
để bạn thẩm chất lượng trước. Đáp án để trong ô gập lại — tự làm trước rồi mới mở, làm ngược lại thì bộ đề
coi như hỏng. Hướng dẫn giải cho toàn bộ kho nằm trong gói SAT PRO; còn cả kho đề
thì làm miễn phí thoải mái trong app luyện SAT.
Dạng này hỏi gì và làm thế nào
Information and Ideas gom ba việc: tìm ý chính, suy luận trong phạm vi đoạn, và dùng
dẫn chứng. Điểm chung của cả ba là không được bước ra ngoài văn bản — đáp án đúng luôn là thứ đoạn văn
chống lưng được, không phải thứ đúng ngoài đời.
Với dạng dẫn chứng có bảng số liệu, hãy đọc tiêu đề bảng và tên cột trước, rồi mới đọc
câu hỏi. Bốn đáp án thường đều "có trong bảng"; chỉ một cái phục vụ đúng luận điểm mà câu hỏi nêu.
Đọc kỹ hơn: SAT 1400 cần đúng bao nhiêu câu.
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18 câu — 4 câu đầu có lời giải đầy đủ
Câu 1Nhận biếtTrắc nghiệmcó lời giải
Histories of the North Atlantic fishery usually begin with the boats. Boats were the smaller problem. Cod spoils within days, and no crew could work far from home until the catch could be made to keep; split fish dried on wooden racks in cold, dry wind became a board-hard slab that lasted years without salt and weighed a quarter of what it had weighed wet. Once that was possible, a boat could stay out for a season and a cargo could cross a continent. The fleet followed the technique rather than the other way around.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- Crews working in the North Atlantic could not fish far from home until larger and sturdier boats had been built for them to sail in.
- What made a long-distance cod fishery possible was a way of preserving the catch, which the growth of the fleet followed rather than caused.
- Split cod dried on wooden racks in cold wind loses roughly three quarters of its weight and will then keep for years without any salt at all.
- Cod dried until it was board-hard travelled far inland from the coast and became a staple food for people who had never seen the sea.
Xem đáp án và lời giải
Đáp án: B. What made a long-distance cod fishery possible was a way of preserving the catch, which the growth of the fleet followed rather than caused.
Lập luận thuận: câu chốt nằm giữa đoạn — “Boats were the smaller problem” — và mọi câu sau đều phục vụ nó: kỹ thuật phơi khô làm cá giữ được lâu, nhờ đó thuyền mới ở lại biển cả mùa và hàng mới đi xa được; câu cuối chốt lại “đội thuyền đi SAU kỹ thuật”. (B) gói đúng chuỗi đó. (A) chính là cách hiểu mà đoạn văn gạt sang một bên ngay câu thứ hai. (C) đúng sự thật trong đoạn nhưng chỉ là chi tiết mô tả kỹ thuật, không phải điều đoạn muốn nói. (D) nói về nơi cá khô được đem tới, một chuyện đoạn không hề bàn.
Bẫy: Câu mở đầu ở dạng bài này gần như luôn là NHIỄU: nó nêu cách hiểu quen thuộc để câu sau lật lại. Đọc tới chữ “was the smaller problem” là biết câu chốt nằm ở đâu.
Câu 2Nhận biếtTrắc nghiệmcó lời giải
A steelpan looks like a repurposed oil drum, and the instrument's history is usually told as a story of thrift. Thrift explains the material and nothing else. Every note on the finished pan is a separate area of the sunken face, hammered to its own curvature and thickness, and a tuner brings each one in by ear over many hours, listening to the note against its own overtones as much as against a reference pitch. Two drums cut from the same steel end up sounding different.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- Steelpans were first hammered out of discarded oil drums, and that thrift is what allowed the instrument to spread so quickly among players.
- A tuner working on a steelpan listens to each note against its own overtones rather than checking it only against the reference pitch he is given.
- The achievement behind the steelpan is a method of making a single sheet of metal carry dozens of separately tuned surfaces.
- No two steelpans sound quite alike, so a player who takes up a different instrument has to learn its particular notes before performing.
Xem đáp án và lời giải
Đáp án: C. The achievement behind the steelpan is a method of making a single sheet of metal carry dozens of separately tuned surfaces.
Lập luận thuận: đoạn nêu cách kể quen thuộc (nhạc cụ của sự tiết kiệm) rồi khoá lại ở giữa — “Thrift explains the material and nothing else” — và phần còn lại mô tả công đoạn thật sự khó: chia mặt trống thành từng vùng, gò riêng độ cong và độ dày, chỉnh từng nốt bằng tai. (C) nêu đúng thành tựu đó. (A) là cách kể bị đoạn văn bác. (B) là một chi tiết trong quy trình chỉnh nốt. (D) suy ra hệ quả cho người chơi, điều đoạn không bàn tới.
Câu 3Nhận biếtTrắc nghiệmcó lời giải
Automatic fire detection has replaced most staffed lookout towers, and by the usual measure — how soon a smoke column is spotted — the cameras win. The comparison leaves out the rest of what a lookout did. Someone who had watched one valley for twelve summers could tell a dust plume from smoke, could name the road a vehicle was on when a fire started beside it, and could say whether the wind at the ridge had begun to turn. A camera reports a detection; it does not report a place it knows.
According to the text, what did staffed lookouts provide that automatic detection does not?
- Knowledge of one valley deep enough to read what appeared in it: dust told apart from smoke, the road below a new fire, a shift in the ridge wind.
- Detection of a rising smoke column earlier in the course of a fire than the cameras that have since been installed in most of the towers.
- A presence at the tower through the whole of the fire season, so that a report never had to wait for someone to travel out to the site.
- The option of moving the watch from one ridge to another as the season went on, which a camera fixed to its mounting cannot offer.
Xem đáp án và lời giải
Đáp án: A. Knowledge of one valley deep enough to read what appeared in it: dust told apart from smoke, the road below a new fire, a shift in the ridge wind.
Lập luận thuận: câu chốt nằm giữa đoạn — “The comparison leaves out the rest of what a lookout did” — và ba ví dụ ngay sau đó đều là cùng một thứ: hiểu biết tích luỹ về CHÍNH thung lũng ấy. (A) gom đúng ba ví dụ đó. (B) nói ngược: đoạn thừa nhận camera phát hiện sớm hơn. (C) và (D) nêu những lợi thế nghe hợp lý nhưng đoạn không nói.
Bẫy: Câu hỏi chi tiết vẫn phải bám câu chốt. Ba ví dụ trong đoạn không phải ba ý rời — chúng minh hoạ một ý duy nhất, nên phương án đúng phải gói cả ba.
Câu 4Nhận biếtTrắc nghiệmcó lời giải
Collectors price a rare book by its printing: the edition, the state of the type, the presence of a misprint on a particular leaf. The binding usually settles the more interesting questions. Sewing patterns, board materials and the scraps of waste parchment used to line a spine differ from workshop to workshop and from decade to decade, so a binding can place a copy in a city and a period even when the title page is gone. It can also show that a book sat unbound for years before anyone paid to have it sewn.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- Collectors judge a rare book by its printing, weighing the edition, the state of the type and any misprint that appears on a particular leaf.
- Scraps of waste parchment were cut up and used to line the spines of new books, and fragments of older manuscripts have survived that way.
- A book that sat unbound for several years after it was printed is worth less to a collector than a copy that was sewn straight away.
- A binding, which varies by workshop and by decade, answers questions about where and when a copy circulated that the printing cannot answer.
Xem đáp án và lời giải
Đáp án: D. A binding, which varies by workshop and by decade, answers questions about where and when a copy circulated that the printing cannot answer.
Lập luận thuận: câu chốt là câu thứ hai — “The binding usually settles the more interesting questions” — và hai câu sau chứng minh bằng đúng loại câu hỏi ấy: nơi đóng, thời kỳ đóng, và khoảng thời gian sách nằm chưa đóng. (D) nêu đúng điều đó. (A) là câu mở, tức thói quen bị đoạn văn đặt lại. (B) mở rộng sang chuyện bảo tồn mảnh da cừu mà đoạn không nói. (C) suy ra một kết luận về giá tiền, cũng không có trong đoạn.
Câu 5Nhận biếtTrắc nghiệm
The word canal calls up barges and slow water, and that is roughly how the canal age is taught: a brief episode before the railways. The canals mattered for a reason the barge image hides. Before them, hauling a ton of coal thirty miles overland cost more than the coal was worth, so a mill had to be built where the fuel was. Once the canals opened, fuel could travel to the workers instead, and factories began to gather near towns rather than near pits. The railways later ran the same errand faster.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- Canals mattered chiefly because cheap movement of fuel freed a factory from having to stand beside the pit that supplied it.
- Railways eventually carried coal and other goods faster than the canals had, which is why the canal age is taught as a brief episode.
- Before the canals were dug, hauling a ton of coal thirty miles overland cost a mill owner more than the coal being hauled was worth.
- The canal age deserves as much room in a textbook chapter as the railway network that was built across the same country after it.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: A. Canals mattered chiefly because cheap movement of fuel freed a factory from having to stand beside the pit that supplied it.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 6Nhận biếtTrắc nghiệm
A laid hedge is admired as country craft, and photographs of the work make it look decorative. The point of it is structural. A hedger cuts most of the way through each stem near the base, bends the living wood over at an angle and pegs it down; the stem goes on growing, and the horizontal wood throws up new vertical shoots along its whole length. A line of separate saplings with gaps between them becomes one dense barrier that will turn a cow. Wire does the same job for a season; a laid hedge does it for a century and thickens while it works.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- A hedger cuts most of the way through each stem near its base, bends the living wood over at an angle and pegs it down so that it keeps growing.
- Hedge laying is a structural technique rather than a decorative one: it turns a line of separate saplings into a single dense barrier that lasts.
- Wire fencing costs a farmer far less to put up than hedge laying does and can be installed in a small fraction of the time the craft takes.
- Photographs of a newly laid hedge make the work look decorative, and that is how the craft is usually presented to people who live in towns.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: B. Hedge laying is a structural technique rather than a decorative one: it turns a line of separate saplings into a single dense barrier that lasts.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 7KhóTrắc nghiệm
Restoring a river usually means putting its bends back. A straightened channel moves water fast, and fast water scours the bed and floods the towns below, so agencies dig new meanders and plant the banks. The technique works where the old floodplain is still open. Where a highway or a housing estate now stands on that floodplain, the restored bends have nowhere to spill at high water, and the channel cuts back toward a straight line within a few seasons. Restoration is a question of room more than of shape.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- A river that has been straightened carries water downstream quickly, and that speed both scours the bed and worsens the flooding in the towns below.
- Agencies that set out to restore a river dig new meanders into the straightened channel and plant the banks so that the new bends will hold their shape.
- Whether restored meanders survive depends on whether the old floodplain is still open, so the room available matters more than the shape rebuilt.
- Because restored bends straighten themselves out again within a few seasons, agencies would do better to leave straightened rivers as they now are.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: C. Whether restored meanders survive depends on whether the old floodplain is still open, so the room available matters more than the shape rebuilt.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 8KhóTrắc nghiệm
Every language borrows words, and English borrows more visibly than most. What deserves notice is not the borrowing but the sorting. When two words for one thing both survive, English tends to keep them apart by register: the older native word for the everyday act, the borrowed word for the formal one. A cook works over a fire; a chef presides over a kitchen. Speakers who have never studied a word's history observe the split anyway, and correct a child who gets it wrong.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- English has taken in more words from other languages than most languages have, and those borrowings are visible throughout ordinary speech.
- Speakers of English notice the difference between a cook and a chef even when they have never studied the history of either of the two words.
- English speakers gradually give up the older native word for something whenever a borrowed word for the same thing comes into general use.
- When English keeps two words for one thing, it sorts them by register, saving the borrowed word for the more formal of the two occasions.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: D. When English keeps two words for one thing, it sorts them by register, saving the borrowed word for the more formal of the two occasions.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 9KhóTrắc nghiệm
A widely reported trial found that firms moving to a four-day week held output steady while absence fell, and the result is now quoted as evidence that the change costs nothing. The firms in the trial volunteered. Volunteering meant that a company's managers already believed the schedule could work in their line of business, had the scheduling slack to try it, and could absorb a year of disruption if it did not. Nothing in the trial says what happens at a firm with none of those three things.
According to the text, what limits the conclusion that is now drawn from the trial?
- The trial ran for a single year, a span too short to show whether the output of the firms taking part would hold steady over a longer period.
- The firms taking part chose to do so, so the result describes companies already suited to the schedule rather than companies in general.
- Absence at the firms in the trial fell by an amount that the report did not measure precisely enough for other companies to rely on.
- Output at the firms in the trial stayed level rather than rising, so the change brought the companies that tried it no measurable gain.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: B. The firms taking part chose to do so, so the result describes companies already suited to the schedule rather than companies in general.
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Câu 10KhóTrắc nghiệm
A new bridge is priced by what it costs to build, and the figure that reaches the news is the construction contract. The number that decides whether the bridge is affordable is a different one. Every joint, bearing and drain has to be reached by an inspector on a schedule, and a design that hides them behind a sealed box saves money once while adding a lift, a lane closure and a crew to every inspection for eighty years. Two bridges of the same span can differ more over their lives in the cost of being looked at than in the cost of being built.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- Whether a bridge is affordable turns less on its construction contract than on how easily the design lets an inspector reach the parts.
- The construction contract for a new bridge is the figure that newspapers report when the scheme is first announced to the public.
- A bridge whose joints and bearings sit behind a sealed box needs a lift, a lane closure and a crew for every inspection it undergoes.
- Bridges built to the same span ought to follow one standard design so that the cost of inspecting each of them can be predicted in advance.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: A. Whether a bridge is affordable turns less on its construction contract than on how easily the design lets an inspector reach the parts.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 11KhóTrắc nghiệm
Digitizing an archive is usually described as preservation. In practice it is also a form of selection. Someone decides which boxes go under the camera first, and the boxes that go first are the ones researchers ask for, which are the ones already cited, which are the ones earlier researchers happened to open. The collection that appears online looks like the archive but is shaped like its own reading history, and material that has never been requested stays on the shelf, unread for another generation.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- Digitizing an archive protects fragile papers by producing copies that a researcher can consult without ever handling the originals.
- Because digitizing follows what earlier researchers cited, the collection that appears online mirrors past reading habits rather than the archive.
- Archivists decide which boxes of material to photograph first, and those decisions follow the requests that researchers have submitted.
- Material that no researcher has ever asked to see ought to be photographed before the boxes that scholars have cited most often.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: B. Because digitizing follows what earlier researchers cited, the collection that appears online mirrors past reading habits rather than the archive.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 12KhóTrắc nghiệm
Arctic freight moved by dog team long after engines were available, and the reason was not sentiment. A snow machine carries its own fuel and stops when the fuel runs out or a part fails in cold that no workshop can be brought to. A team eats what the country provides, recovers with rest, and will hold a trail in weather that hides every landmark. What ended the teams was not the engine's speed but a supply chain that could finally put fuel and spare parts at the far end of a route.
According to the text, why did dog teams outlast the arrival of engines in Arctic freight?
- Teams moved faster over broken ice than the early snow machines that were sold to the operators carrying freight in the region did.
- Drivers of snow machines could not find a trail in bad weather, whereas a team followed the landmarks that remained visible in it.
- A team fed itself from the country it crossed, recovered with rest, and could hold a trail in weather that hid every landmark.
- The engines available at the time failed so often that operators of snow machines kept a team of dogs in reserve for the winter.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: C. A team fed itself from the country it crossed, recovered with rest, and could hold a trail in weather that hid every landmark.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 13KhóTrắc nghiệm
Concert programs describe a cadenza as the soloist's moment of freedom, invented on the spot. For much of the eighteenth century the description fitted. It stopped fitting once composers began writing cadenzas out, first as suggestions for players who lacked the training to improvise, then as fixed text that a soloist was expected to deliver note for note. The passage that sounds most spontaneous in a modern concerto is often the one part of it that no performer is free to change.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- Eighteenth-century soloists improvised their cadenzas, and concert programs still describe that freedom when they explain the term to an audience.
- Composers began writing cadenzas out because many performers of the day had not been trained well enough to improvise a passage of their own.
- A soloist who alters a written cadenza today departs from the tradition of improvisation on which the concerto form was originally built.
- The cadenza that sounds improvised in a modern performance is fixed text, since composers came in time to write the passage out in full.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: D. The cadenza that sounds improvised in a modern performance is fixed text, since composers came in time to write the passage out in full.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 14KhóTrắc nghiệm
A common explanation for why island species vanish so quickly is that islands are small. Size is part of it; tameness matters more. Species that evolve without ground predators lose the behaviors that keep mainland animals alive: they nest in the open, they do not flee, and they do not read a rat or a cat as a threat. Put such a population on a mainland patch of equal size with predators kept out and it persists; put one predator on the island and it does not.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- Island species disappear chiefly because isolation strips away their defenses against predators, not because their islands are small.
- Islands support smaller populations than mainland habitats of the same kind do, and it is small populations that vanish most readily.
- Species that evolved with no ground predators nest in the open, do not flee when approached, and do not treat a rat or a cat as dangerous.
- A mainland patch the size of an island will hold on to its species indefinitely as long as no predator is ever introduced onto it.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: A. Island species disappear chiefly because isolation strips away their defenses against predators, not because their islands are small.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 15Rất khóTrắc nghiệm
Trials of a teaching method usually report the average gain across a class, and by that measure a widely adopted numeracy program looks effective: scores rise about as much as its designers promised. Splitting the same data by starting level changes the picture. Pupils already working at the expected standard account for nearly all of the gain, while the weakest group, the one the program was written for, moves barely at all. The average is not wrong. It hides the one comparison the program was meant to be judged on.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- The numeracy program failed to produce across a class the average gain that its designers had promised the schools buying it.
- Averages reported in trials of teaching methods are unreliable and ought to be replaced by figures broken out by each pupil's starting level.
- The reported average gain is accurate, yet it conceals that the weakest pupils, the group the program was written for, barely moved at all.
- Pupils already working at the expected standard gained more under the program than the people who designed it had predicted they would.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: C. The reported average gain is accurate, yet it conceals that the weakest pupils, the group the program was written for, barely moved at all.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 16Rất khóTrắc nghiệm
Every account of the workshop's collapse names the fire. The ledgers complicate the date. Orders had been falling for six years, and the two largest customers had already moved to a rival across the river; by the spring before the fire, the workshop was filling fewer than a third of the benches it had been built for. What burned was a business that could no longer have been rebuilt at its old size, which is why a settlement generous by the standards of the day went on a smaller shop in a cheaper street rather than on the same works again.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- The workshop's two largest customers had already taken their orders to a rival across the river some time before the fire broke out.
- The insurance settlement paid out after the fire was generous by the standards of the day, though the owners moved to a cheaper street.
- The workshop would have been rebuilt at its old size if the settlement paid to its owners after the fire had been a larger one.
- The fire finished a business that had been shrinking for six years, which is why the settlement paid for something smaller than the old works.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: D. The fire finished a business that had been shrinking for six years, which is why the settlement paid for something smaller than the old works.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 17Rất khóTrắc nghiệm
Historians of medicine like to note that the stethoscope was invented for modesty as much as for sound: its inventor, uneasy about pressing an ear to a young woman's chest, rolled a sheet of paper into a tube. The anecdote is true, and it is repeated so often that it has become the whole story. What made the instrument spread was not the tube but what the tube made audible — differences between chests that no physician had been able to describe before, and therefore a vocabulary in which one doctor could tell another what he had heard.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- The stethoscope mattered less as a device for preserving modesty than as the source of a shared vocabulary for what physicians could hear.
- The often-repeated account of how the stethoscope was invented is accurate, although historians tell it more often than it deserves.
- The stethoscope was invented by a physician who felt uneasy about putting his ear directly against the chest of a young patient.
- Physicians working before the stethoscope could hear the same differences between chests but had no instrument for recording them.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: A. The stethoscope mattered less as a device for preserving modesty than as the source of a shared vocabulary for what physicians could hear.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 18Rất khóTrắc nghiệm
Two records of the same county's butterflies point opposite ways. Sightings logged through a phone app have climbed steeply for a decade; counts along fixed transects, walked by the same volunteers on the same routes, have not moved. Neither record is careless. The app's total rises with the number of people carrying it, and downloads in the county have tripled since it launched, so a climbing figure may be reporting the growth of the app. The transects hold effort constant by design. The two series measure different things, and only one of them was built to measure insects.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- Butterfly numbers in the county have climbed steeply over the past decade, a rise that the fixed transect counts are too coarse to register.
- The two records diverge because the app's total tracks how many people are using it, so the disagreement need not mean either record is careless.
- Butterfly numbers in the county have certainly held steady, which shows that the sightings people logged through the app must have been entered wrongly.
- Records of insect populations ought to be gathered along fixed transects rather than through phone apps, whose totals are shaped by downloads.
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Đáp án: B. The two records diverge because the app's total tracks how many people are using it, so the disagreement need not mean either record is careless.
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