← Tất cả bộ đề SAT có lời giải
Digital SAT · Verbal
Information and Ideas
Mức Khó vừa
20 câu
Có lời giải tiếng Việt
Bộ đề miễn phí gồm 20 câu Information and Ideas mức Khó vừa. Cả 20 câu đều
xem được đáp án; 4 câu đầu có thêm lời giải từng bước và phần phân tích bẫy
để bạn thẩm chất lượng trước. Đáp án để trong ô gập lại — tự làm trước rồi mới mở, làm ngược lại thì bộ đề
coi như hỏng. Hướng dẫn giải cho toàn bộ kho nằm trong gói SAT PRO; còn cả kho đề
thì làm miễn phí thoải mái trong app luyện SAT.
Dạng này hỏi gì và làm thế nào
Information and Ideas gom ba việc: tìm ý chính, suy luận trong phạm vi đoạn, và dùng
dẫn chứng. Điểm chung của cả ba là không được bước ra ngoài văn bản — đáp án đúng luôn là thứ đoạn văn
chống lưng được, không phải thứ đúng ngoài đời.
Với dạng dẫn chứng có bảng số liệu, hãy đọc tiêu đề bảng và tên cột trước, rồi mới đọc
câu hỏi. Bốn đáp án thường đều "có trong bảng"; chỉ một cái phục vụ đúng luận điểm mà câu hỏi nêu.
Đọc kỹ hơn: SAT 1400 cần đúng bao nhiêu câu.
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20 câu — 4 câu đầu có lời giải đầy đủ
Câu 1Nhận biếtTrắc nghiệmcó lời giải
In a five-year trial, Okonjo tested whether the size of the pit a street tree is planted in affects its survival. Trees planted in pits of at least four square metres survived at 91 percent; trees in pits under two square metres survived at 62 percent. The two groups were planted in the same season, watered on the same schedule, and drawn from the same nursery stock. Okonjo also records that the wide-pit trees were more often planted on residential streets, that pruning costs fell across the whole sample after year three, and that no tree in either group was lost to storm damage.
Which detail from the passage most directly supports the conclusion that pit size, rather than some other difference between the two groups, accounts for the gap in survival?
- Trees in pits of at least four square metres survived at a rate of 91 percent, against 62 percent for trees in pits under two square metres.
- The wide-pit trees were more often planted on residential streets.
- The two groups were planted in the same season, watered on the same schedule, and drawn from the same nursery stock.
- Pruning costs fell across the whole sample after year three.
Xem đáp án và lời giải
Đáp án: C. The two groups were planted in the same season, watered on the same schedule, and drawn from the same nursery stock.
The conclusion is not about whether the gap exists but about what produced it, so the detail that earns its place is the one showing the two groups were alike in everything except pit size — that is exactly what (C) reports, and it is what lets the surviving difference be pinned on the pit. (A) restates the gap in full and says nothing about why it appeared — it is the very thing the conclusion has to explain. (B) names a difference other than pit size and therefore pushes the other way: it gives a rival explanation. (D) applies to the whole sample, so it cannot distinguish the groups at all.
Bẫy: Cả bốn chi tiết đều nằm nguyên văn trong bài. “Có trong bài” không phải tiêu chuẩn — câu hỏi khoá vào từ rather than some other difference, và chỉ một chi tiết nói về chỗ đó.
Câu 2Nhận biếtTrắc nghiệmcó lời giải
In Marisol Vega's novel The Lacquer Room, the narrator returns after twenty years to the house where she grew up. Critics have noted that Vega gives the reunion chapter over almost entirely to things: the narrator dates, weighs and names the objects in a room with a precision she never turns on the people sitting among them.
Which quotation from the reunion chapter most effectively illustrates the claim?
- “My aunt poured the tea and asked, as she always asked, whether the road had been bad.”
- “No one spoke for a long moment.”
- “The clock on the mantel had lost its minute hand in 1974; the hour hand still swung true.”
- “My aunt had aged; I could not have said how. The tea caddy beside her was the same dented tin, its lid still bound with the green wire my grandfather twisted in 1961.”
Xem đáp án và lời giải
Đáp án: D. “My aunt had aged; I could not have said how. The tea caddy beside her was the same dented tin, its lid still bound with the green wire my grandfather twisted in 1961.”
The claim has two halves — exact about objects, vague about people — so the quotation must show both at once, and (D) does: the aunt gets four words and no detail, the caddy gets its material, its damage, its fastening and a date. (C) delivers the precision but has no person in it, so half the claim goes untested. (A) reports a person doing something with no object detail at all. (B) is neither precise nor about objects.
Bẫy: Nhận định hai vế thì phương án phải đáp cả hai vế. (C) rất dễ chọn vì nó “đúng” — nhưng nó chỉ chứng minh được một nửa.
Câu 3Nhận biếtTrắc nghiệmcó lời giải
A team excavating a Bronze Age settlement argues that the building at the centre of the site was a workshop rather than a dwelling. Their report lists what the excavation found: the floor held a hearth, a stone bench and a scatter of crucible fragments with copper residue; the doorway faced the same way as every other doorway on the site; the walls were built of the same mudbrick as the houses around it; and the roof had collapsed inward, sealing the floor deposit.
Which detail from the report most directly supports the team's argument?
- The floor held a scatter of crucible fragments with copper residue.
- The doorway faced the same way as every other doorway on the site.
- The walls were built of the same mudbrick as the houses around it.
- The roof had collapsed inward, sealing the floor deposit with the hearth still in place.
Xem đáp án và lời giải
Đáp án: A. The floor held a scatter of crucible fragments with copper residue.
A workshop is identified by traces of work, and crucible fragments carrying copper residue are debris that only metalworking leaves, so (A) marks the building as a place where something was made. (B) and (C) both describe features the building shares with the dwellings around it, and a feature shared with dwellings cannot separate the two readings — (C) in fact makes the building look more like its neighbours, not less. (D) explains why the deposit survived intact, and the hearth it sealed in is a fixture of houses as much as of workshops; preservation is not function.
Bẫy: Hearth và stone bench cũng có trong bài nhưng nhà ở cũng có — chi tiết nào cả hai bên đều có thì không phân biệt được hai giả thuyết.
Câu 4KhóTrắc nghiệmcó lời giải
Hollis maintains that the apprentices of the Ryde printing house, and not its master, set most of the type for the folio of 1612. The house ledger for that year records that the shop employed one master and four apprentices; that the master's initials appear on 31 formes and the apprentices' on 96; that the master was absent for eleven weeks in the autumn, when the shop printed no folio sheets; and that apprentices were paid by the forme while the master drew a fixed wage.
Which detail from the ledger most directly supports Hollis's claim?
- The shop employed one master and four apprentices that year.
- The master was absent for eleven weeks in the autumn, when the shop printed no folio sheets.
- Apprentices were paid by the forme while the master drew a fixed wage.
- The master's initials appear on 31 formes and the apprentices' on 96.
Xem đáp án và lời giải
Đáp án: D. The master's initials appear on 31 formes and the apprentices' on 96.
The claim is a claim about output — who set most of the type — so it is settled by counting formes, and 96 against 31 puts more than three quarters of the work on the apprentices. (A) counts people, not formes; five workers in a shop tells you nothing about how the work divided. (B) covers weeks in which no folio sheets were printed at all, so it removes nothing from the master's total. (C) describes how the two were paid, which would matter to a claim about wages and not to a claim about who did the setting.
Bẫy: (B) là bẫy nặng: nghe rất giống bằng chứng “ông chủ không làm”, nhưng câu đã tự nói mấy tuần đó xưởng không in tờ folio nào.
Câu 5KhóTrắc nghiệm
Petrel chicks raised on colonies where the adults forage far offshore fledge later than chicks on colonies with feeding grounds nearby. Ndiaye proposes that the delay is produced by the interval between meals rather than by the size of each meal. Her team weighed every delivery, timed every visit to the nest, recorded fledging dates, and assessed adult body condition at the end of the season.
Which finding, if the team reported it, would most strongly support Ndiaye's proposal?
- Chicks on far-foraging colonies fledged, on average, nine days later than chicks on nearby-foraging colonies, and the delay grew with foraging distance.
- Adults at far-foraging colonies were in poorer body condition at the end of the season.
- Meal size did not differ between the two kinds of colony, while the mean gap between meals was twice as long at far-foraging colonies.
- Fledging dates within a single colony varied by as much as three weeks.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: C. Meal size did not differ between the two kinds of colony, while the mean gap between meals was twice as long at far-foraging colonies.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 6KhóTrắc nghiệm
Ceballos argues that the tone system of Kirem was borrowed from neighbouring Wandu during the two centuries in which the two communities shared a market town. The record she assembles shows that Kirem tone appears in texts from 1540 onward; that Wandu has had tone since its earliest attestation in 1290; that the two languages share 40 percent of their trade vocabulary; and that Tarn, a language closely related to Kirem but spoken 900 km away and never in contact with Wandu, has the same tone system, attested from 1500.
Which item in the record most directly weakens Ceballos's argument?
- Kirem tone appears in texts from 1540 onward.
- Tarn, closely related to Kirem but never in contact with Wandu, has the same tone system, attested from 1500.
- Wandu has had tone since its earliest attestation in 1290.
- The two languages share 40 percent of their trade vocabulary, most of it acquired during the two centuries they shared a market town.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: B. Tarn, closely related to Kirem but never in contact with Wandu, has the same tone system, attested from 1500.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 7KhóTrắc nghiệm
Aldridge's letters from the city, written between 1841 and 1845, have long been read as the record of a settled dislike. A recent editor argues instead that they show Aldridge revising her judgement of the place over time rather than holding it fixed.
Which quotation from the letters most effectively supports the editor's argument?
- “I wrote you in March that the place was unlivable; I find now that I was describing myself, not the city.”
- “The noise begins at four and does not stop.”
- “You ask whether I have grown used to it. One does not grow used to it; the noise that began at four in 1841 begins at four still.”
- “The rents here would astonish you.”
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: A. “I wrote you in March that the place was unlivable; I find now that I was describing myself, not the city.”
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 8KhóTrắc nghiệm
A reform of the courts was introduced in two stages, the first in 2007 and the second in 2011. Median waiting time for a hearing was 15 months in 2006, 15 months in 2008 and 14 months in 2010; it was 9 months in 2012 and 7 months in 2014. The ministry also reports that the number of judges rose steadily across the whole period and that the second stage cost more to implement than the first. An analyst claims that waiting time fell because of the second stage and not the first.
Which detail from the report most directly supports the analyst's claim?
- Waiting time was 15 months in 2006 and 7 months in 2014.
- The number of judges rose steadily across the whole period.
- Waiting time barely moved between 2006 and 2010, the years covered by the first stage, and then fell from 14 months to 7 between 2010 and 2014.
- The second stage cost more to implement than the first.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: C. Waiting time barely moved between 2006 and 2010, the years covered by the first stage, and then fell from 14 months to 7 between 2010 and 2014.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 9KhóTrắc nghiệm
A school ran a reading programme with one class for a year. The evaluation reports that the class mean rose by 4 points, within the range of year-to-year variation at the school; that students in the lowest quartile at baseline gained 19 points while students in the top quartile gained 1; that every student in the class completed the programme; and that the class outperformed a neighbouring class that did not take it. The evaluator concludes that the programme helped the students who began furthest behind rather than the class as a whole.
Which finding in the evaluation most directly supports the evaluator's conclusion?
- The class mean rose by only 4 points, a gain that falls within the range of year-to-year variation at the school.
- Every student in the class completed the programme.
- The class outperformed a neighbouring class that did not take the programme.
- Students in the lowest quartile at baseline gained 19 points; students in the top quartile gained 1.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: D. Students in the lowest quartile at baseline gained 19 points; students in the top quartile gained 1.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 10KhóTrắc nghiệm
Critics of Okri's short lyric “At the Door” have observed that the poem never uses the word hesitation, and that it does not need to: the hesitation is carried by the movement of the sentences themselves rather than named in them.
Which quotation from the poem most effectively illustrates the claim?
- “I hesitated at the door, uncertain, and stood there while the hour I had chosen went past me.”
- “Doubt is a room one furnishes slowly.”
- “The door — I might have — no, the light was wrong, and anyway the hour, and anyway.”
- “The house stood empty, its shutters drawn.”
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: C. “The door — I might have — no, the light was wrong, and anyway the hour, and anyway.”
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 11KhóTrắc nghiệm
A trial tested a drug against placebo in 900 patients aged 30 to 80. The published report notes that improvement was greater in the treatment arm than in the placebo arm; that patients over 65 improved by 12 points and patients under 45 by 11; and that the trial enrolled equal numbers of older and younger patients. The authors claim that the drug's benefit does not depend on the patient's age.
Which finding in the report most directly supports the authors' claim?
- Patients over 65 improved by 12 points.
- Patients over 65 improved by 12 points and patients under 45 by 11.
- The trial enrolled equal numbers of older and younger patients.
- Improvement was greater in the treatment arm than in the placebo arm.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: B. Patients over 65 improved by 12 points and patients under 45 by 11.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 12KhóTrắc nghiệm
Kwan compared a new fish-tagging method with the one it replaced and found a higher recapture rate for the new tags. She concludes that the method itself, and not the season in which it happened to be used, explains the difference. Her paper reports that recapture was 44 percent with the new tag and 26 percent with the old; that both methods were used in both spring and autumn, and that the new tag beat the old by roughly the same margin in each season; that the new tags were lighter than the old ones; and that recapture rates were higher in autumn than in spring for both methods.
Which detail from the paper most directly supports Kwan's conclusion?
- Both methods were used in both spring and autumn, and the new tag beat the old by roughly the same margin in each season.
- Recapture was 44 percent with the new tag and 26 percent with the old.
- The new tags were lighter than the old ones.
- Recapture rates were higher in autumn than in spring for both methods, so the season a tag is used in plainly affects recapture.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: A. Both methods were used in both spring and autumn, and the new tag beat the old by roughly the same margin in each season.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 13Rất khóTrắc nghiệm
Halloran's surviving letters have been used to argue that she thought of her botanical plates as decoration, since she sent them to friends and hung them in her hall. A recent study argues the opposite: that she regarded the drawings as evidence, to be held to the standard of a specimen.
Which quotation from the letters most effectively supports the recent study?
- “I have sent the folio to Mr Deane, who will hang it in the long gallery, where the light falls best on it.”
- “I worked on the plate for eleven days.”
- “The plate is spoiled: I drew the stipule from memory, and memory is not a specimen.”
- “I have written to ask whether the paper may be had in a larger size.”
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: C. “The plate is spoiled: I drew the stipule from memory, and memory is not a specimen.”
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 14Rất khóTrắc nghiệm
A university study reports that students who sleep less report lower mood. The direction of the relationship is not settled by the report itself: low mood may shorten sleep as easily as short sleep may lower mood.
Which further finding, if true, would most strongly support the claim that the relationship runs from sleep to mood rather than the other way?
- Students who slept fewer hours reported lower mood in the same week.
- Mood scores and sleep hours were both lower in December than in other months.
- Students who reported the lowest mood also reported the most trouble falling asleep.
- In weeks when a student's timetable was rearranged to start later, that student slept longer and reported better mood, and mood in the preceding week did not predict which students were rearranged.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: D. In weeks when a student's timetable was rearranged to start later, that student slept longer and reported better mood, and mood in the preceding week did not predict which students were rearranged.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 15Rất khóTrắc nghiệm
Readers have long taken the narrator of The Hall at Ferns to be unreliable. A critic argues that the novel never catches him in a lie; instead it lets the people around him mention, in passing, the things he has left out.
Which quotation from the novel most effectively illustrates the critic's argument?
- “‘You were not there,’ said Bett, setting down the jug. ‘I was there, and so was the man from the bank, whatever you have written in your account.’”
- “I said nothing more about the barn. Bett, pouring, mentioned that the barn had been sold in March, and that I had signed the paper.”
- “I have never been able to remember faces.”
- “The account I give here is, I believe, accurate in every particular.”
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: B. “I said nothing more about the barn. Bett, pouring, mentioned that the barn had been sold in March, and that I had signed the paper.”
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 16Rất khóTrắc nghiệm
Restrepo argues that the fall in cholera deaths in the Alder district after 1854 was caused by the filtered water supply that reached the district in that year. Her paper reports that cholera deaths fell by the same proportion over the same years in the neighbouring district, which received no filtered water until 1871; that deaths in Alder fell again after 1866, when a second filter house opened; that Alder recorded more cholera deaths in 1854 than in any earlier year; and that the burial registers she used record the deceased's parish as well as the cause of death.
Which detail from the paper most directly weakens Restrepo's argument?
- Cholera deaths fell by the same proportion over the same years in the neighbouring district, which received no filtered water until 1871.
- Deaths in Alder fell again after 1866, the year a second filter house opened, repeating the pattern recorded when filtered water first arrived in 1854.
- Alder recorded more cholera deaths in 1854 than in any earlier year.
- The burial registers Restrepo used record the deceased's parish as well as the cause of death.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: A. Cholera deaths fell by the same proportion over the same years in the neighbouring district, which received no filtered water until 1871.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 17Rất khóTrắc nghiệm
Adeyemi's essay defends a housing scheme against its critics. A commentator praises the essay for conceding the strongest objection to the scheme before answering it, rather than picking an easier objection to knock down.
Which quotation from the essay most effectively supports the commentator's praise?
- “Critics say the scheme is expensive. It is not expensive.”
- “I have read every critic of the scheme and find them unpersuasive.”
- “Some have called the scheme costly, others slow; both charges have been made in good faith.”
- “The most serious objection is not cost but that the scheme rewards those already housed — and it does, for the first two years. After that the queue moves only for those without homes.”
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: D. “The most serious objection is not cost but that the scheme rewards those already housed — and it does, for the first two years. After that the queue moves only for those without homes.”
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 18Rất khóTrắc nghiệm
Kirby claims that obsidian from the Kayan source travelled farther than obsidian from any other source in the region. Four sources are known — Kayan, Tolu, Neren and Sarap — and finds from each have been chemically matched to their source.
Which finding, if true, would most strongly support Kirby's claim?
- Kayan obsidian has been found 610 km from its source, farther than any other Kayan find.
- Kayan obsidian has been found 610 km from its source, while the farthest finds from the Tolu, Neren and Sarap sources lie 340, 290 and 180 km away.
- Kayan obsidian is found at more sites than obsidian from any other source.
- The Kayan source produced obsidian of higher quality than the other three.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: B. Kayan obsidian has been found 610 km from its source, while the farthest finds from the Tolu, Neren and Sarap sources lie 340, 290 and 180 km away.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 19Rất khóTrắc nghiệm
A commentary on Nwosu's poem “The Fence” argues that the poem sets up a dispute over a field and then refuses to settle it, leaving the reader holding both claims at once.
Which quotation from the poem most effectively illustrates the commentary's argument?
- “And so the two rivers met and were one river.”
- “The field was ploughed in April, as every April.”
- “I have said the field is his and said the field is mine, and the fence, having no opinion, stands.”
- “Whose field it was I learned that summer, though I have not written it here, and the ploughing went on as before.”
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: C. “I have said the field is his and said the field is mine, and the fence, having no opinion, stands.”
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
Câu 20Rất khóTrắc nghiệm
Two explanations have been offered for the shrinking of a moth's wing spots since 1970. On the first, kestrels, which hunt by sight, take conspicuously spotted moths more often, so smaller spots spread. On the second, spot size falls with the temperature at which the pupa develops, and the region has warmed by 1.4 °C since 1970.
Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the second explanation over the first?
- Kestrel numbers in the region rose by half between 1950 and 1970.
- Moths with smaller spots are taken by kestrels less often than moths with larger spots.
- Museum specimens collected before 1900 carry the largest spots on record.
- Wing spots are smaller in low-altitude populations, where pupae develop warmer, than in high-altitude populations 30 km away, and kestrel density is the same at both altitudes.
Xem đáp án
Đáp án: D. Wing spots are smaller in low-altitude populations, where pupae develop warmer, than in high-altitude populations 30 km away, and kestrel density is the same at both altitudes.
Hướng dẫn giải từng bước của câu này nằm trong gói SAT PRO.
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