Maps — The town of Brindell in 1800, 1900 and 2000
📄 Bài mẫu band 8–9
| Introduction | Paraphrase: ba bản đồ cho thấy thị trấn Brindell phát triển thế nào qua ba mốc cách nhau một trăm năm, 1800–2000. |
| Overview | Từ làng nông thôn thành thị trấn công nghiệp rồi thành khu dân cư – thương mại; chỉ nhà thờ, sông Brin và trục đường bắc – nam qua sông giữ nguyên vị trí. Không liệt kê từng công trình. |
| Body 1 (1800–1900) | 1800: cottages và church hai bên đường mòn, watermill sát bờ bắc sông, quanh là woodland, farmland, meadow. Đến 1900: railway ở phía bắc + station phía đông bắc; track thành main road, cầu gỗ thành cầu đá; farmland → terraced houses; watermill → textile factory; woodland thu hẹp để xây school; meadow → park. |
| Body 2 (1900–2000) | Textile factory → shopping centre; cottages → shops; terraced houses → apartment blocks; wood còn lại → housing estate ở tây bắc, school mở rộng; thêm car park giữa church và sông; cầu đá thành road bridge rộng hơn. |
The three maps trace how the town of Brindell grew between 1800 and 2000.
Overall, Brindell evolved from a small rural settlement into an industrial town and finally a residential and commercial centre. Only the church, the River Brin and the north-south route across it stayed in place throughout.
In 1800, Brindell consisted merely of some cottages and a church flanking a track, and a watermill beside the river, amid woodland, farmland and a meadow. By 1900, a railway had been laid across the north of the town, with a station in the north-east, and the track had been upgraded to a main road and its wooden bridge rebuilt in stone. Terraced houses had been built on the farmland, the watermill had given way to a textile factory, much of the woodland had been cleared to make room for a school, and the meadow had become a park.
The following century saw industry and older housing disappear. The factory was replaced by a shopping centre and the cottages by shops, while apartment blocks took the place of the terraces. In the north-west, the remaining wood was lost to a housing estate and the school was enlarged. A car park was laid out between the church and the river, now spanned by a wider road bridge.
| laid across the north of | được đặt (đường ray) chạy ngang phía bắc của |
| been upgraded to | được nâng cấp thành |
| given way to | nhường chỗ cho |
| cleared to make room for | bị phát quang để lấy chỗ cho |
| was replaced by | bị thay thế bởi |
| took the place of | thế chỗ của |
| laid out | được bố trí, xây dựng (bãi xe, công viên) |