Process — How honey is made in small-scale commercial production
📄 Bài mẫu band 8–9
| Introduction | Paraphrase: sơ đồ mô tả cách làm mật ong ở quy mô thương mại nhỏ. |
| Overview | Overall: quy trình gồm khoảng mười một bước, chia thành giai đoạn của ong và giai đoạn của con người, chạy thẳng từ hoa tới lọ mật đem bán. |
| Body 1 | Giai đoạn ong: hút mật hoa → nhả vào ô sáp trong tổ → quạt cánh cho đặc lại → làm sạch và bịt sáp. |
| Body 2 | Giai đoạn người: lấy tổ sáp → ép lấy mật → sump tank đun 45-50°C → sieve tank lọc → settling tank 2-4 ngày → vào lọ, dán nhãn, chở đi bán. |
The diagram illustrates the way in which honey is produced commercially on a small scale, from the flower to the finished jar.
Overall, the process falls into two distinct stages: an initial phase carried out entirely by bees inside the hive, followed by a human phase in which the honey is extracted and refined. The sequence is linear rather than cyclical, and involves around eleven separate steps.
At the beginning, forager bees collect nectar from flowers and carry it back to the hive, where it is deposited in wax cells. Because the honey is still very runny at this point, the bees fan it with their wings until it thickens. The cells are then cleaned and sealed with a layer of wax.
Once the combs are full, the beekeeper removes them and they are pressed to release the honey. The liquid is poured into the first of three containers, the sump tank, where it is heated to between 45 and 50°C so that it flows freely. It then passes down into the sieve tank, in which dirt and other impurities are removed, and finally into the settling tank, where it is left for a period of two to four days. The honey is then drained into jars, labelled and transported for sale.
| falls into two distinct stages | chia thành hai giai đoạn rõ rệt |
| linear rather than cyclical | chạy thẳng chứ không khép vòng |
| collect nectar from flowers | hút mật từ hoa |
| until it thickens | cho tới khi đặc lại |
| are pressed to release the honey | được ép để lấy mật |
| is heated to between 45 and 50°C | được đun tới 45-50°C |
| for a period of two to four days | trong khoảng hai tới bốn ngày |